Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Children.

The vast majority of medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) in children are inherited as part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes MEN2A and MEN2B, and the related variant, familial MTC. Prophylactic surgery in infants and children identified through genetic screening leads to the highest survival in these patients. This article summarizes the current recommendations for screening, treatment, and surveillance of children with MTC to provide a concise clinically relevant review for pediatric practitioners.